Arguing for Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay examples

Arguing For Medical Marijuana Legalization The argument for medical marijuana legalization has been one of the controversial debates that have raised heated discussions in many conferences worldwide. Therefore, this essay will provide a consistent and comprehensive argument to support the position that medical marijuana should be legalized. In this essay, the stand will focus on the fundamental aspects behind treatment. In addition, it will present evidence for how marijuana treatment provides heaps of benefits for terminally ill patients as well as pain relief options for others. As if so, this essay corroborates that legalization will allow substance controls and regulations, in turn, minimizing the chances for abuse or addiction.†¦show more content†¦Prohibiting this process in essence means abandoning human life. Marijuana is the most essential and therapeutically active substance that has been discovered by man. Therefore, medical cannabis refers to the use of the canna bis drug as recommended herbal therapy by physicians. This is mostly known as antiemetic. The experimental demonstration of marijuana’s significant properties thousands of years ago proves that it is one of the most essential substances that can be used in manufacturing drugs (Minamide). As provided from the ancient Indians, its psychoactive properties were realized which triggered its use by doctors to treat a variety of ailments and illnesses. This argument has been supported by the modern scientific experiment in the United States. Researchers have found that marijuana was greatly important in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, pain reliever mostly in childbirth. In addition, they also found out that smoking marijuana reduces pain, especially with patients suffering from cancer, glaucoma, and chemotherapy (Minamide). In the recent past, marijuana has been found to be an important substance on AIDs patients where it reduces nausea, vomiting, and appetite lo ss. Moreover, it was recognized as a significant substance in relieving glaucoma eye pressure. It was also shown that it plays a vital role in Multiple Sclerosis. It reduces muscle pain, spasticity, and reduces diseases that cause body tremors. Epilepsy,Show MoreRelatedthree arguments Essay741 Words   |  3 Pageslegalizing marijuana I found three very different styles of arguments in which the authors backed up their opinions with facts. In my reading of these arguments each writer had there own style. The first essay by Stephen B. Duke, Cannabis Captiva Freeing the World from Marijuana Prohibition, the second Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: Investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence, and the third Poll: Nationwide Marijuana LegalizationRead MoreEssay on Medicinal Marijuana: Miracle Drug Of the Future?1682 Words   |  7 PagesMedicinal Marijuana: Miracle Drug Of the Future? The many tales and legends surrounding the medical use of marijuana can be traced as far back to the ancient Chinese and Greek civilizations, who both believed that on top of its psychoactive capabilities, marijuana was effective in treating pain. Several thousand years later, Queen Victoria was urged by her doctor to take marijuana in order to relieve such pains as migraines or menstrual cramps. However, despite the many historicalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesdoctors have prescribed marijuana, and â€Å"the Clinton administration threatened to prosecute doctors who prescribe marijuana,† (Gonnerman 40). Doctors are prescribing marijuana for its medical benefits. The Clinton administration on the other hand is outlawing marijuana because it has not been approved by the FDA. Since doctors feel marijuana has medical benefits it should be clinically tested so they can prescribe it for their patients. Marijuana can be used for many medical reasons. For cancer patientsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1218 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana legalization would allow for legal distribution and taxation of cannabis as well as decrease expensive enforcement and incarceration costs. Political authorities debate whether legalization or decriminalization is necessary. Derived from the hemp plant called Cannabis sativa, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States (Glauser). Usually smoked in a blunt, joint, or pipe, the dry, shredded brownish-green mix of stems and leaves can be mixed in food, or brewed intoRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1502 Words   |  7 Pagesand wellbeing of all human life in our nation. The dynamic of whether we should legalize marijuana for recreational use is evident and typically harmful. The American Academy of Pediatricians has summarized in a statement some of the negative effects stemming from marijuana use for youths. As well as a report from the n ational Fatality Analysis Reporting System, which has confirmed that consuming marijuana can remain at times more fatal than drinking while under the influence of alcohol. ThereRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe article Marijuana talks about what marijuana is and how marijuana is used in the medical setting. Also this article marijuana talks about how effective the marijuana of kids in high school and the effects of social work and the social life itself. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Marijuana can also be used to drink tea and, predominantly when it is sold or expended for medical purpose is normally mixed into foods. Marijuana is a cannabis which used for some psychoactiveRead MoreRhetorical Essay Sample Paragraph835 Words   |  4 PagesParagraph The Legalization of Marijuana in America Should America legalize an illegal drug, as way out of the economical downfall we have found ourselves in? A popular article appeared in April of 2009 in Times magazine, catching millions of readers’ attention. The article was titled, â€Å"Why Legalizing Marijuana Makes Sense† and was written by Joe Klein. Cannabis, America’s drug of choice for the past eighty-five years has been a plant otherwise known as marijuana or weed. Everyday millionsRead MoreThe Debate Over The Legalization Of Hemp1443 Words   |  6 Pages The legalization of hemp has been a very controversial topic since it was made illegal in 1937. However, through research in recent years that it has become more evident that hemp is more than a drug, but a versatile, economical, friendly product that can be used in a wide variety of resources with low impact on the environment. Hemp seed oil can be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, inks, lubrication, household detergents, varnishes, resins, and paints due to it is low in saturated fats. HempRead MoreLegalization of medical marijuana at the federal law Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesWhy should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana can be argued for different reasons. In my case I will be arguing the medical purposes for legalizing marijuana. Marijuana has positive features, and how people prefer using marijuana. Marijuana helps individuals get through a variety of things that they suffer. Marijuana provides relief from pain, rather than other medications out there. Many individuals prefer marijuana over anything else to relax. An argument on why people using marijuana spend moreRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana For Recreational Use Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pageshave approved the legalization of Marijuana for recreational use, and eighteen other states have approved forms of medical uses of the drug. T his means that there are a total of forty-two states that have not approved the drug for recreational use, and have criminal laws against it. One of these states happens to be the state of Ohio. Recently, the counties within Ohio have voted for the legalization of both recreational and medical use, ending with a result of only passing medical uses of the drug

Reforms in the Australian Education Sector

Question: Discuss about theReforms in the Australian Education Sector. Answer: The education sector is one of the most important and fundamental industries in the Australian economy. Primarily, it is one of the most valuable sectors in the country and is regarded with high esteem. Mainly, this is due to the fact that Australian culture values education at all levels. In this regard, any reforms in the sector stir up significant reactions and commentaries from the public as it affects the overall economy. In the same view, Julie Hare and David Uren (2017) provide a commentary on the recent reforms in the education sector. According to their article, budget to lift fees for university students, scrap funding cuts; Hare and Uren narrate the adverse implications that the reform will have on higher education. It is imperative to note that university students in Australia will have to pay higher fees due to a reduction in funding by the government. More precisely, the government has introduced a new funding formula that will result in an increase in the payable fees by approximately 25 percent (Hare Uren, 2017). In addition, the new plan will also increase the share of university costs to be paid by students. Notably, this share will increase from the initial 40 percent. To make matters worse, the reform necessitates that students will have to start repaying their higher education loans earlier. Primarily, this would be achieved through the lowering of salary threshold for repayments to commence. Furthermore, the reform proposes that students will be charged a loan fee at the beginning of the studies. Fundamentally, the government justifies these changes and decisions by highlighting the fact that higher education guarantees students a significant private benefit in the form of higher salaries after graduation. In this rationale, the high tuition fees for a college education is seen as investments by students whose returns will be realized in the form of high paying jobs (Jeffrey, 2017). However, this concept is strongly opposed by the fact that the Australian economy experiences significant levels of unemployment each year. According to recent data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, about 4.1 percent of recent university graduates remain unemployed as at the beginning of this year (Hare Uren, 2017). Moreover, the degree premium has been eroding in the recent past. More precisely, although the private returns associated with higher education are still positive, they have diminished significantly over the years (Hare Uren, 2017). For this reason, one may argue that the ris e in higher education fees may be unjustified. It is also imperative to note that the hike in university fees will result in significant declines in the number of students who enroll for higher education. Particularly, this concurs with the law of demand (Yaxley, 2015). Essentially, an increase in the price of a product or service results in a decrease in the demand for the product. Although the price elasticity of demand for higher education is relatively inelastic, the number of students who enroll in universities may drop over time (Yaxley, 2015). Notably, a similar increase in university fees in England in 2012 brought about a decline in the number of university applications by around 15, 000 (Vasagar, 2012). Indeed, an increase in the price of higher education will significantly affect the demand for the service as many students find it too expensive. Predominantly, this reform will adversely affect university students in Australia. As it is, university education is already expensive. Therefore, reducing the level of government support and raising the level of tuition fees and initiating strict schedules for higher education loan repayments exerts excessive burdens to the students (Farrell Hurst, 2014). It is unfortunate that the government withdraws funding from one of the most fundamental sectors of the economy, instead of increasing funding to enhance the level of higher education applications in the country. Fundamentally, an increase in the number of university graduates translates into an increase in the number of skilled labor force, and hence an increase in labor participation and productivity. Consequently, this will bring about an increase in the level of economic growth. It is only rational for one to argue that the government should reconsider the implementation of these reforms in the country. As such, the adverse nature of the effects associated with the decision will affect university students negatively (Hare Uren, 2017). Instead of cutting the level of funding to college students, the government should increase or maintain the initial level of funding (Farrell Hurst, 2014). By doing so, it will make university education more affordable to students from all backgrounds. In turn, an affordable college education will lead to an increase in the level of demand for the service (Pash, 2014). Subsequently, this will bring about an increase in the number of university graduates in the country. Imperatively, the Australian labor force will be equipped with the necessary skills to enhance and increase overall productivity and facilitate substantial economic growth and development. All in all, all factors considered, the education sector is a fundamental component of the Australian economy. By and large, it is the backbone of the economy, and all other sectors and industries are based on its success. In this regard, the recent reforms to increase the tuition fees for university education is bound to affect all sectors of the economy adversely. According to Hare and Uren (2017), the government intends to initiate cuts in its funding to the tertiary education sector and increase tuition fees payable by university students. In correspondence with the law of demand, the proposed fee hike will bring about significant declines in the number of college applications and may also increase the number of college dropouts (Education, n.d.). In turn, this will adversely affect the education sector. For this reason, it is imperative that the government should put on hold the proposed reforms and maintain or increase its funding to the sector. Instead, the government may redu ce its expenditure on other less important sectors of the economy that do not contribute largely to the growth of the economy. This way, higher education will remain affordable for Australian students. References Education costs in Australia. [Online] Austrade. Available at: https://www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/global/australian-education/education-costs [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] Farrell, P., and Hurst, D. (2014). University fee changes explained: how will Australian students be affected? [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/university-fee-changes-explained#img-1 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017]. Hare, J., and Uren, D. (2017). Budget to lift fees for university students, scrap funding cuts. [Online] The Weekend Australia. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/education/budget-to-lift-fees-for-university-students-scrap-funding-cuts/news-story/5725169a6df0dfbe5ed0b699b5408be7 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] How will an increase in tuition fees affect student participation and choice of course in the UK? [Online] Shift Learning. Available at: https://www.shift-learning.co.uk/sites/default/files/White%20Paper%20How%20will%20an%20increase%20in%20tuition%20fees%20affect%20student%20participation%20and%20choice%20of%20course%20in%20the%20UK_0.pdf [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] Jeffrey, C. (2017). Why Australia and India Should Collaborate on Higher Education [Online] The Wire. Available at: https://thewire.in/123097/why-right-time-australia-india-higher-education/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] Pash, C. (2017). The Cost Of Getting A University Degree In Australia Is About To Change: Here's What You Need To Know. [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-cost-of-getting-a-university-degree-in-australia-is-about-to-change-heres-what-you-need-to-know-2014-6 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] Vasagar, J. (2012). Tuition fees increase led to 15,000 fewer applicants [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/aug/09/tuition-fees-increase-15000-less-applicants [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017] Yaxley, L. (2015). University fee deregulation: Government discusses new proposal with crossbench senators [Online] ABC. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-04/higher-education-new-univerity-fee-deregulation-proposal-offered/6280124 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2017]

The Ending Of Anna Karenina Essay Example For Students

The Ending Of Anna Karenina Essay The ending of Anna KareninaAs we saw at the end of the novel Anna Karenina, Anna ends her tragic life by throwing herself onto the tracks underneath an oncoming train, while begging God for forgiveness during that time. The way Anna’s life ended symbolized the rise and fall of her life put together into one incident that took place on the subway. Anna, who at one point was a very prominent woman in the Russian Society, now lived a sad and dreadful life of misery. By reading at the end, it became very obvious that Anna had by far reached her lowest point in life. Her social problems with Vronsky, Karenin, as well as her other surroundings leave her old and alone. We will write a custom essay on The Ending Of Anna Karenina specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Could all of this been prevented? Sure. Could the Russian Society not have the fall that they had? Sure. However, each situation, whether it was Anna, or the Russian Society, each made choices that decided their eventual fate. In the end, the scripture â€Å"Vengeance is mine, I will repay,† showed itself to be the most important quote in the novel. Anna, just like Russia, were both equally successful. Anna was a popular woman in Society, Russia’s upper class were very wealthy and prosperous. Overtime, each made costly decisions that sent themselves into trouble. Anna had her problems with her infidelities, while the Russian Society had problems controlling how much money they spent. Eventually, Anna personality changes completely due to her looking at society in a different light and vice versa. Some members of the Russian Society, had to give up the â€Å"good† life, in exchange for a paying job to help payoff debts accumulated by sheer ignorance and a willingness to spend but not pay. The theme of the novel was based solely on choice. The theme of choice was the starting point of the novel that built into other facets of the story. From the first few pages of the novel where Oblonsky has an infidelity with Dolly, but shows no remorse for his actions. That situation was circled around the two main marriages in the novel between Levin and Kitty, as well as Anna and Karenin. As the novel continued, we saw the Russian aristocracy throw their money completely away to the point of bankruptcy and debt. The aristocracy made their decision to continue to live the wealthy life, only worrying about â€Å"eternal presentation.† The Russian aristocracy lived a â€Å"dual† life. On one hand, parts of the aristocracy tried to present themselves as people who did not have a worry in the world and just lived life easy, where in reality, they were suffering inside with the same problems as most of the common people that lived there during that time. Anna was the centr al figure in the novel, hence the title Anna Karenina. Anna’s up’s and downs were magnified due to her being that central figure that the novel focused on. From her marrige to Karenin, to infidelities with Vronsky, to the end where she throws herself onto the train, the entire focus of the novel centered around her and her life. The importance of her fall signified the fall of Anna, as well as Russia. Russia, for the most part, took that exact same fall. It was a fitting conclusion to a novel which showed the up’s and downs of most, if not all the characters in the novel. I agree with Tolstoy, the way the story ended was a fitting conclusion. Why change it if it were true. English Essays

How Ballast Water Systems Work

How Ballast Water Systems Work A ballast water system is essential for the safe operation of a ship, but the operation of these systems causes significant threats to the environment and local economy. What Is a Ballast Water System? A ballast water system allows a ship to pump water in and out of very large tanks to compensate for a change in cargo load, shallow draft conditions, or weather. The capacity of ballast water tanks might be millions of gallons on a large vessel. This allows vessels to carry a light or heavy load while maintaining ideal buoyancy and handling conditions in all situations.A ship might discharge all ballast water tanks to pass a shallow area or forward tanks only to raise the bow in rough open seas.Physical components of the system include; raw water intakes, large and small strainers, pumps, distribution pipes, ballast water tanks, treatment system, discharge system, and all the valves, sensors, and controls to run the equipment. Invasive Species in Ballast Water Invasive species are a significant threat to ecosystems and the economies of the affected areas. Researchers think that about one-third of all documented invasive plants and animals are able to travel in the ballast water tanks of ships. Zebra Mussels were introduced into Lake Saint Clair in 1988 when a ship emptied ballast water into the Great Lakes System. The Great Lakes hold nearly twenty percent of the earth’s fresh surface water in a watershed system. The non-native mussels eliminated native varieties once used by industry and have caused an estimated 7 billion dollars (US) in damage by encrusting or clogging underwater equipment essential to industrial and recreational activities.Sea Lamprey and ​Spiny Water Fleas are organisms which feed off of host fish or compete with young fish for food. Many species of fish impacted by these invasive species have significant commercial or sporting value. These animals and others can live in fresh or salt water and may spread into inland waterways from saline ports and harbors.Plants can also travel long distances in ballast water. Eurasian Milfoil is a surface plant which can clog equipment and deter recreation where it forms thick mats. Eurasian Milfoil was introduced to the United States in the 1940s. Because the plant can produce large colonies from only one small fragment it is likely the plant was introduced in the ballast water of a ship. Resolving Ballast Water Issues For years amateurs and professional researchers have experimented with a huge array of weapons to combat invasive species in a ship’s ballast water. Most of the difficulty is due to the fact that huge volumes of water must be treated in a reasonably short period of time. Many land-based systems for treating public supplies takes many hours or days to pass water through their treatment systems. A ship, on the other hand, must be able to discharge ballast water as quickly as cargo is loaded. In emergency situations, ballast tanks need to empty as quickly as possible. A quick pass through most ballast water treatment systems is not enough to kill all the organisms that may be present. Ballast Water Treatment Solutions and Shortcomings No Discharge or Ballast Exchange Rules: International, National, and Local law govern ballast water discharge. Some areas require ballast tanks to be sealed while others allow ballast to be exchanged. Ballast exchange allows tanks to be filled with local waters. Sealed ballast tanks may need to be emptied in an emergency situation and exchange is hindered by the fact that foreign waters must be discharged in close proximity to ​the sensitive area for vessels to operate safely.Mechanical Filters: Filters which are fine enough to remove the small immature young and eggs of invasive species clog quickly and require constant maintenance.Thermal Treatment: The idea is to heat ballast water to kill any unwanted organisms. Unfortunately heating such a huge volume of water is impractical due to time and energy constraints.Other Energy Treatments: Ultraviolet, sonic, and other radiation have all been tried but have similar problems to a thermal treatment; limits on time and energy.Chem ical Treatments: One of the earliest and most dangerous of all the methods used to control invasive species in ballast water. Chlorine bleach and other toxic chemicals will kill existing organisms but the release of these chemicals on the scale necessary to treat every ship would reach toxic levels for all aquatic life near the discharge points. The Future of Ballast Water Treatment Researchers are pursuing this difficult and financially lucrative goal at institutions around the world. In 2011, a team announced their successful small-scale test of a two-phase ballast treatment system which eliminates unwanted organisms and produces sodium bicarbonate as a byproduct. The system is undergoing full-size tests in the Great Lakes. The test for a scalable system is expected to perform well. It is not clear how regulatory agencies around the world will respond to the potential discharge of industrial amounts of sodium bicarbonate into their waters. Sodium bicarbonate is a common and safe chemical in small amounts, but studies must be conducted to assure this method is safe for long term use.

Top Ten Words Confused Words [Q-R]

Top Ten Words Confused Words [Q-R] Top Ten Words Confused Words [Q-R] Top Ten Words Confused Words [Q-R] By Maeve Maddox My cumulative list of â€Å"words commonly confused† continues with ten that begin with the letters Q and R. The confusion relates to spelling or meaning. 1. quote / quotation Traditionally, quote is a verb and quotation is a noun: May I quote you on that? (verb) I used a quotation from Dr. Johnson as an epigraph. (noun) The Chicago Manual of Style includes a note on these words in the â€Å"Good usage versus common usage section,† apparently preferring to preserve the distinction in formal writing. The CMS note also suggests that a difference may exist in the minds of some writers between quote as a noun and quotation as a noun: quotes: contemporary remarks usable in their writing. quotations: wisdom of the ages expressed pithily. 2. quiet / quite This is a spelling problem for speakers who aren’t in the habit of looking closely at words. Quiet functions as noun, adjective, and verb: In the old days, librarians insisted on absolute quiet from the patrons. (noun) Parents often worry when their children are excessively quiet. (adjective) Susan is known as the quiet sister. (adjective) Please do something to quiet that barking dog. (verb) The most common use of quite is as a synonym for the adverb very: They say that Bill Gates is quite rich. (adverb) 3. reign / rein The noun reign refers to the period of rule of a monarch. The verb reign means to exercise sovereign power or authority. The noun rein refers to a strap, usually of leather, that is used to control a horse. The verb rein means to control a horse. Figuratively, rein means to put a restraint on something. For example, â€Å"to rein† or â€Å"rein in† one’s impulses. The most common confusion between these words is with the idiom â€Å"free rein.† The figurative expression derives from horseback riding. To give a horse â€Å"free rein† is to hold the reins loosely and allow the horse a certain amount of free movement. 4. raise / raze The verb raise has many meanings, but the meaning in contrast to raze is â€Å"build up† or â€Å"construct.† The pioneer raised a rudimentary cabin to house his family.† The verb raze means â€Å"tear down† or â€Å"destroy.† â€Å"The historic opera house was razed to make room for a parking deck.† 5. real / really Common in colloquial speech, real is often substituted for the intensifying adverb really. The adjective real means â€Å"actually existing, not imaginary.† This is a real denarius from Roman times. Used as an intensifier, really means very, or thoroughly. Casablanca is a really memorable movie. 6. rebate / refund A rebate is a discount collectible after a purchase. I paid $50 for the headphones, but the rebate was $10, so the final cost was $40. A refund is the full amount of a purchase returned to a customer. The spaghetti-maker didn’t work, so I asked for a refund. 7. regardless / irregardless The adverb regardless means â€Å"without regard to.† Charles intends to buy a herd of llamas, regardless of my objections. The soldier tackled the bomber, regardless of his own safety. Nonstandard irregardless is used by some speakers as either a deliberately humorous portmanteau word or a confused collision of regardless and irrespective. Here’s a serious use of the word from a community non-profit agency in New Jersey: Schools walk a delicate balance. Some schools that have tried to discipline a student for cyberbullying actions that took place off-campus and outside of school hours have been sued for exceeding their authority and violating the student’s free speech right. Irregardless, parents should inform the school if they become aware of any cyberbullying issue. 8. restive / restful Both words are adjectives. Restive means unsettled, restless. Ex. â€Å"Speaking softly, Nancy calmed the restive horse.† Restful means â€Å"full of rest.† Anything that bestows a feeling of calm and invites relaxation is restful. â€Å"Beethoven’s ‘Moonlight Sonata’ is a restful piece.† 9. retch / wretch The verb retch may be defined as â€Å"vomiting or trying to.† â€Å"She retched driblets of green bile.† â€Å"The smell of the Dumpster caused him to retch.† Wretch is a noun. It can mean â€Å"a pitiable person† or â€Å"a vile person.† â€Å"The poor wretch has lost all in the fire.† â€Å"Anyone who would deliberately profit from another’s illness is a miserable, rotten wretch.† 10. rise / raise Used as verbs, rise and raise are often misused. Rise is intransitive. Ex. Here comes the Judge; all rise! The candidate says those things in the hope that his poll numbers will rise. Raise is transitive. It takes an object. Ex. Let us raise a toast to departed friends. Does anyone wish to raise a question? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Best Websites to Learn English20 Ways to Cry

Punishment Philosophy in the Criminal Justice System Essay

Punishment Philosophy in the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example Lawyers sometimes argue that punishment should depend on the magnitude of the destruction. However, cases may be similar but their severities differ (Weisberg, 2012). The incapacitation principle proposes strategies put in place to help eliminate the level of crime through various physical restraints of the actions. The principle insinuates that individuals’ confinement to specific areas may help them to avoid a criminal act. The community may restrict the movement of their people to different places to preserve their cultural ties. The most practical example in the society today is the restriction of the children moving to some places like bars and clubs, would reduce the chances of children involving in drinking alcohols and the like. The deterrence principle raises fundamental concerns on the connection between sanctions and human behavior. Punishment is a tool of reward to offenders. The deterrent effect of the punishment may lead to conformity. Severe punishment for a particular crime may deter an individual with an intention to commit an offense to abstain. The principle of deterrence relates to the freedom of choice for an individual. Most individuals would choose to maximize their pleasures at minimum risk. The UN and the World Bank, for instance, may choose to impose serious economic sanction on some countries because of their misconduct. This imposition of the sanction may deter other countries which would otherwise involve in similar misconduct because of the fear of conviction. The type of punishment applied to the offenders injects fear in other parties hence deterring them from committing an offense. Rehabilitation is a strategy for correcting the victims as discussed by Muhlhausen (2010). The principle focuses on restoring and reforming an offender. It may look ambiguous because it is a punishment coupled with treatment. The correctional centers are increasing all over the world because the punishment for the offenders

Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 6 - Essay Example The author has also inquired into the situation of both groups of primates not inter breeding yet sharing the food and other resources of the forests. Therefore the author believes that biological and behavioural behaviour of these two species of primates is worth re-examination . The author goes on to study their dietary habits and role of protein based food on their evolution. According to Craig B,this may actually "offer clues to aspects of ecological divergence among early members of the hominid phylogeny" and this is indeed the primary aim of his research. The reason this paper is addressing an important issue of physical/biological anthropology is that it shows how all primates have different dietary, sexual and behavioural habits based on their gene structure and habitat adaptation. On the basis of the study of these two species the writer has been able to draw conclusions on how the hominoids who were some kind of ancestors to these primates(although not entirely genetically) might have lived once upon a time . Based on these conclusions Craig then sums up that given that Miocene apes or Pliocene hominids had lived sympatric lives as well just like the apes and gorillas then they would have probably shared the food and environment in the same ways as well. It would be possible to discern their dietary and sexual patterns from the study of these much evolved apes . 3.What specific evidence, facts and/or examples did the author(s) offer to support their argument The author has included the statistics from his research in the form of tables and charts to show the numerical and empirical evidence collected from his findings and he made certain conclusions as to the range, diet and sexual habits of these two kinds of primates. His argument that the study of these more evolved primates will give an insight into the habits of the Hominoids and the extinct apes ,supported by evidence from other scholars and his own research. For example he points out that Chimpanzees and gorillas in sympatric are confronted with the same available resource bas, (yet)..Chimpanzees make intensive use of this prey base, but gorillas do not.. And then he goes on to link this with his finding about the dietary methods of Hominoids by saying that "An adaptation to meat-eating may have characterized the hominid adaptation during the divergence of the hominoid lineages. ancestral apes made the transition to greater body size and social complexity only because of the Added nutritional profile provided by a meatier diet." In this way he compares And provides evidence to show how the behaviour of the modern apes can help study the behaviour of the extinct species. 4.Did the author address any contrary evidence or the opinions/work of others that run counter the author(s) claims The author has not exactly addressed any contrary evidence which may possibly be a weakness of his argument. He has quoted many writers to go with his research and made a very strong connection between the two species in the modern and pre-historic settings. However he does